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Yanni Papanikolaou

Yanni Papanikolaou

Nutritional Strategies Inc.
Canada

Title: Certain grain food consumption patterns are associated with improved nutrient intakes and reduced risk of being overweight or obese in American children

Biography

Biography: Yanni Papanikolaou

Abstract

The current analyses identified commonly consumed grain patterns in US children (2-18 years old; N=8,367; 4,263 males/4,104 females) and compared nutrient intakes and obesity-related outcomes of subjects in various grain consumption patterns to those not consuming grains. Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 2005-2010) and cluster analyses isolated the grain patterns: Breads/rolls, crackers/salty snacks, quick breads, pancakes/waffles/French toast/other grains, cakes/cookies/pies, pasta/cooked cereals/rice, cereals and no grains. Males consuming pasta/cooked cereals/rice had lower total fat intake (69±2 vs. 80±4g/d; p=0.008) while females consuming breads/rolls, cereals, pasta/cooked cereals/rice, crackers/salty snacks, pancakes/waffles/French toast/other grains had less total fat vs. no grains (64±1, 61±2, 59±1, 67±1, 63±1, 67±1 vs. 71±1g/d; all p<0.05). Several grain patterns resulted in significantly less saturated fat intake vs. no grains [Males: pasta/cooked cereals/rice (-6 g/d), crackers/salty snacks (-3 g/d), pancakes/waffles/French toast/other grains (-3 g/d); Females: breads/rolls (-2 g/d), cereals (-3 g/d), pasta/cooked cereals/rice (-5 g/d), crackers/salty snacks (-2 g/d), pancakes/waffles/French toast (-3 g/d)]. Males and females had greater dietary fiber intake when consuming cereals (2-3 g/d), crackers/salty snacks (2 g/d) and quick breads (3 g/d) while only females had increased fiber when consuming breads/rolls (2 g/d), vs. no grains. In males, BMI Z-scores were lower in all patterns except cakes/cookies/pies while in females, lower scores resulted in all patterns except cakes/cookies/pies and cereals. Males and females consuming pasta/cooked cereals/rice had a reduced risk for being overweight or obese vs. no grains [Odds Ratios (confidence intervals)=0.42 (0.25-0.72) and 0.40 (0.17-0.92)] respectively). A variety of grain patterns intake in children was associated with improved nutrient intakes and obesity-related outcomes.